Compound by abbreviations
Choose type compound
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ICs
ICs : Iterative “Compounds” - These are not genuine compounds, but juxtapositions consisting of two identical, fully inflected word forms carrying one single accent
| Words | Language | English | French | Latin | German | Sanskrit |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| divé-dive | Ved. | day by day | jour après jour | a die in diem | Tag für Tag | |
| prá-pra | Ved. | on and on | encore et encore | et in | et in | |
| píba-piba | Ved. | drink! | boire! | bibendum | trinken! | |
| waṣta-waṣt | TA | house after house | maison après maison | domos | Haus für Haus |
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CCs
CCs : Copulative Compounds - These are true compounds of the endocentric kind, having the FM and the SM semantically coordinated, so that they are to be translated as ‘FM and SM’
| Words | Language | English | French | Latin | German | Sanskrit |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| nila-lohitá | Unknown | dark and red | sombre et rouge | et in tenebris rubrum | dunkel und rot | |
| matára-pitára | Ved. | parents | parents | parentibus | Eltern | |
| indra-vayú | Sanskrit | Indra and Vayu (one single accent, the FM is a bare stem, the SM is a dual form) | Indra et Vayu | Et Indra Vayu | Indra und Vayu | indra-vayú |
| vata-parjanyá | Sanskrit | wind and rain ( one single accent, both the FM and the SM are dual forms) | le vent et la pluie | ventus et pluvia | Wind und Regen | vata-parjanyá |
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DCs
DCs : Determinative Compounds - DCs are endocentric true compounds, but in their case the FM is semantically subordinated to the SM. Ancient Indian grammar distinguished two subtypes that differ with respect to the nature of the FM
| Words | Language | English | French | Latin | German | Sanskrit |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| visvá-deva | Ved. | pertaining to all gods | concernant tous les dieux | pertinens ad omnes deos | in Bezug auf alle Götter | |
| hiraNya-piNDá- | Ved. | gold nugget | pépite d'or | |||
| asva-yupá- | Ved. | horse pillar | pilier de cheval | |||
| iatró-mantis | Gk. | “a physician who is also a fortune teller”. | «Un médecin qui est aussi diseur de bonne aventure». |
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PCs
PCs : Possessive Compounds - PCs = BVs are often referred to by the Indian term bahuvrihi
| Words | Language | English | French | Latin | German | Sanskrit |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| bahuvrihi | Sanskrit | having much (bahú-) rice (vrihí-)’ e ‘rich’), | avoir beaucoup de riz: «riche» | habentem rice tantum: 'ditari' | viel Reis haben: „reich“ | bahuvrihi |
| okú-moros | Gk. | causing swift death | causant une mort rapide | causing celeri morte | schnellen Tod verursachen | |
| KweM-toko | TB | having swiftness like that of a dog | avoir une rapidité comme celle d'un chien | cum velocitate quasi canem | Schnelligkeit wie die eines Hundes |
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VGCs
VGCs : Verbal Governing Compounds - In VGCs, either the SM or the FM is to be translated as a participle. It is this very member of the compound that is called the governing one. As for the other member, its only purpose is to define the governing member, i.e., that participle more closely.
| Words | Language | English | French | Latin | German | Sanskrit |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mano-jú- | Ved. | hurrying like a thought |
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DerC
DerC : Derivational Compounds - The term “Ableitungskomposita” (“derivational compounds”) was coined by Risch (MH 2, 1945: 17 = Kl. Schriften: 114), who was the first to describe this compounding type. These compounds are also exocentric ones, but the Z they denote is rather “of, for, from, together with, in/at XY” than “in the possession of/bringing (about) XY”.
| Words | Language | English | French | Latin | German | Sanskrit |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| raja-putrá | Ved. | son of a king | fils d'un roi | Filius regem | Sohn eines Königs | |
| iatró-mantis | Gk. | a physician who is also a fortune teller |
